Certificates of Analysis

Verified before it ships.

Every lot is tested by an independent third-party laboratory before it is released. Two methods are used, because either one alone can be misleading.

HPLC

High-performance liquid chromatography separates the sample and measures how much of it is the target compound. This is where the purity percentage comes from.

Mass spectrometry

Mass spectrometry confirms identity by molecular weight. HPLC can tell you a sample is 99% one thing. Mass spec tells you that thing is what the label says.

Reading a certificate

Check three fields. The lot number must match the label on your vial. The date should predate your order. The purity figure should be stated as a number, not as a range or a minimum. If any of the three is missing, ask before you buy, from us or from anyone.

For laboratory and research use only. Not for human or veterinary use. Not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Products are sold to qualified researchers and institutions only.